Obține maximul din programările la medic.
Despre diabetul tip 2
În Europa, circa 60 de milioane de persoane suferă de diabet. Aici, numărul cazurilor de diabet crește la nivelul tuturor segmentelor de vârstă, în principal din cauză că tot mai mulți oameni sunt supraponderali sau obezi, au o alimentație nesănătoasă și nu fac suficientă activitate fizică.1
Potrivit estimărilor, până în anul 2045, 1 din 9 persoane va suferi de diabet. Diabetul tip 2 este cea mai obișnuită formă, reprezentând 90% din totalul cazurilor de diabet.2
Diabetul este o afecțiune cronică în care corpul nu reușește să producă suficientă insulină sau să utilizeze în mod eficient insulina produsă, fapt ce determină creșterea nivelului de glucoză (zahăr) din sânge (fenomen cunoscut și ca hiperglicemie.2
Printre primele semne ale diabetului tip 2 se numără unii parametri care nu sunt foarte evidenți și care se află în afara limitelor normale, precum hipoglicemia și hiperglicemia.3
Dacă nivelul de glucoză este ridicat o perioadă mai lungă de timp, pot apărea complicații la nivelul unor organe și părți ale corpului, cum ar fi: 2
Boli cardiovasculare
Află mai multeBoală renală
Află mai multeAfecțiuni oculare
Probleme de sănătate orală
Leziuni ale nervilor
Picior diabetic
Multe persoane aflate în primele faze ale diabetului tip 2 nu prezintă deloc simptome.4 Dacă ai îngrijorări, discută cu medicul tău despre ceea ce te neliniștește. E bine să știi însă că poți lua măsuri pentru a preveni sau întârzia apariția complicațiilor legate de diabetul tip 2.
Între timp, verifică această listă de simptome pentru a te asigura că recunoști eventualele semne ale diabetului tip 2.
Abrevieri :
-
DZ2: diabet tip 2; BCV: boală cardiovasculară; BRC: boală renală cronică
Referințe:
- World Health Organization, Regional office for Europe, Data and statistics, page 1, https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/diabetes/data-and-statistics (Accessed August 2021)
- International Diabetes Federation IDF Diabetes Atlas, Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2021, 10th edition. Pages 7,12,19
- Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022, American Diabetes Association, Diabetes Care 2022 Jan; Diabetes Care 2022;45(Supplement_1):S17–S38
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Type 2 Diabetes, Last Reviewed May 2017, page 2 https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/type-2-diabetes
- National Kidney Foundation. The Heart and Kidney Connection.(Accessed August 2021). 1 p. https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/heart-and-kidney-connection
- Giugliano, D et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol (2021) 20:36. The residual cardiorenal risk in type 2 diabetes. 2 p, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01229-2
- Giugliano G, et al. Glycemic control, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review with meta-analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials and Intensive Glucose Control Trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e012356.
- John Hopkins Medicine. Diabetes and Heart Disease. What causes cardiovascular disease?. 2 p. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/diabetes/diabetes-and-heart-disease
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Diabetic Kidney Disease. What is diabetic kidney disease?. 1 p. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-kidney-disease
- Liu M et al. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014 Oct;18(19):2918-26.Cardiovascular disease and its relationship with chronic kidney disease. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25339487/
- Einarson et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol (2018) Jun 8;17 Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017
- Centers for Disease and Prevention. Diabetes and Your Heart. What is heart disease? https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/features/diabetes-and-heart.html
- Kenny H et al. Heart Failure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2019). Circulation Research Available at: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311371
- Familydoctor.org. Symptoms of diabetes. (Accessed December 2021). https://familydoctor.org/condition/diabetes/
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Your Kidneys & How They Work. June 2018. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work
- American Kidney Fund. Heart Disease & chronic kidney disease CKD). (Accessed December 2021). https://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/complications/heart-disease/
- Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic Kidney Disease Basics. (Accessed August 2021). https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/basics.html
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. High Blood Pressure & Kidney Disease. (Accessed December 2021). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/high-blood-pressure
- American Heart Association. Prevention and Treatment of High Cholesterol (Hyperlipidemia). (Accessed September 2021). https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia
- National Kidney Foundation. Smoking and your health. December 2021 https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/smoking
- National Kidney Foundation. How Does My Weight Affect My Risk for Kidney Disease? January 2017. https://www.kidney.org/content/how-does-my-weight-affect-my-risk-kidney-disease
- American Kidney Fund. Kidney diet and foods for chronic kidney disease (CKD). (Accessed September 2021). https://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd/kidney-friendly-diet-for-ckd.html
- National Kidney Federation. Let’s get active. Available at: https://www.kidney.org.uk/lets-get-active-exercise-for-kidney-patients
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. Heart Disease & Kidney Disease (Accessed December 2021). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/heart-disease
- Ducat L et al. “The mental health comorbidities of diabetes.” JAMA vol. 312,7 (2014): 691-2. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.8040
- Mental Health America. Diabetes and Mental Health. https://mhanational.org/diabetes-and-mental-health
- Kidney Health Australia. How to check your kidneys. 2020. https://kidney.org.au/your-kidneys/know-your-kidneys/know-the-risk-factors/kidney-health-check